Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Kaplan turbine it is an axial flow reaction turbine. Nov 05, 2010 hydraulic turbines difference between impulse and reaction hydraulic turbines. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel.
Difference between kaplan and francis turbine compare the. The specific speed of kaplan lies in the range of 400 to 1500 so that the speed of the rotor is much higher than that of francis turbine for the same output and head or kaplan turbine having the same size as francis develops more power under the same head and flow quantity. Difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. The kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Difference between pelton, francis and kaplan turbines. Propeller turbine vs kaplan turbine turbine machines. Kaplan turbine has very small number of blades 3 to 8 adjustment of runner vanes. Water enters the runner and flows towards the center of the wheel in the radial direction and leaves parallel to the. B francis an american engineer who in beginning designed inward radial flow reaction turbine. Jun 07, 2018 francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine i. Tailrace which is a channel carrying water away from the turbine after the water has worked on the turbines.
The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its runner wheel and this work aims to study the design of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Radial flow turbomachines common types francis turbine centrifugal pump francis turbine cutaway three gorges francis. In a hydro power plant as outlined in the figure, the difference between the level of the upper reservoir. Before talking about the differences lets see some similarities 1. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the.
Mainly it is designed for low head water applications. Kaplan turbine was developed by the austrian professor viktor kaplan in 19. Kaplan turbine is a propeller type water turbine along with the adjustable blades. Sir i love ur channel lot if possible can u provide pdf in detailor link of site where these easy language information is available. In this flow, the water flows parallel to the axis of the turbine. Kaplan turbine is axial flow turbine since water enters axially and. The head ranges from 1070 metres and the output ranges from 5 to 200 mw. Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for. Hydraulic turbines pdfclassification, impulse and reaction. The conversion is generally accomplished by passing the fluid through a system of stationary passages or vanes that alternate with passages consisting of finlike blades attached to a rotor.
This turbine was developed in the year 19 by viktor kaplan, who was a austrian professor. Kaplan turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction. Its invention allowed efficient power production in lowhead applications which was not possible with francis turbines. Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine where static pressure head of water is converted into mechanical energy. Comparison between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. Kaplan turbine is employed, where a large quantity of water is available. Examples of reaction turbine are francis turbine, kaplan and propeller turbine, deriaz turbine, tubuler turbine, etc. General arrangements for pelton, francis, kaplan and kaplan bulb turbine power. From the beginning, francis turbine development has always been synonymous with voith. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the francis.
Other component parts are scroll casing, stay ring runner and the draft tub. Both turbines produced power due to both kinetic energy and pressure energy. The wheel is immersed and operates both the water velocity kinetic energy, that a pressure difference. The main difference between a francis turbine and a reversible pump. The mechanical efficiency of the pelton wheel decreases faster by wear than francis turbine. The approximate ranges of head, flow and power applicable to the different turbine types are summarised in the chart of figure 1 up to 500kw power. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Flow regulation is done by means of a needle valve fitted into the nozzle. The water surface in the tailrace is also referred to as tailrace. Differences between francis and kaplan turbines mech4study. Feb 12, 2017 difference between pelton, kaplan, francis parameters pelton turbine kaplan turbine francis turbine type of turbine impulse type propeller typpe inward flow reaction type power genration mw 400 200 800 speed raterpm 65 800 70429 75 efficiency% 85 80 90.
Flow regulation is carried out by means of guide vane assembly. Since the kaplan turbines are able to operate under low head conditions they are used in highflow, lowhead power production throughout the world. A water turbine uses the potential energy resulting from the difference in elevation between an upstream water reservoir and the turbineexit water level the tailrace to convert this socalled head into work. An example of an impulse turbine is the pelton wheel turbine. Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited. The inward flow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet is known as francis turbine, after the name of j. The kaplan turbine runner has 38 blades while francis turbine runner has 1525 blades in general. Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine type of turbine. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. Kaplan turbine is smaller and compact compared to francis turbine. What is the differences between pelton turbine and kaplan turbine. This type of turbine is located in the old lowhead installations less than10 m where they are generally in water chamber, ie without scrollcase. The pelton, francis and kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to produce electric energy.
To satisfy large power demands, very large volume flow rates need to be accommodated in the kaplan turbine, i. A kaplan turbine is a water turbine that was developed by austrian professor viktor kaplan in 19 and francis turbine was developed by james. He developed inward radial flow reaction turbine called as francis turbine. Efficiency of kaplan turbine is higher than francis turbine. The turbine capable of working under the high potential head of water above 300m. If the machine transforms mechanical energy into hydraulic energy it. Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine with adjustable blades. Hey users, before going to read on our main topic difference between impulse turbine and. Jun 08, 2018 kaplan turbine is axial flow turbine i. Pdf design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Hydraulic turbines pdf introduction, classification, impulse and reaction turbine, layout of hydroelectric power plant. General arrangement of kaplan 1 introduction this short note indicates how a preliminary design of an axail.
Difference between pelton, francis and kaplan turbines the pelton, francis and kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to produce electric energy. In 19 kaplan designed a propeller turbine, named kaplan turbine. Oct 30, 2016 on this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. In axial flow turbines, the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. Gross head is the difference between hydraulic heads in the upstream and downstream reservoirs. Later on some modification was made on it then it is called as modern francis turbine. The kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine. Very simple kaplan turbine design durham university. What is the difference between kaplan and francis turbines. Kaplan and francis are two types of turbines which were developed by two different engineers. Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine.
What is the differences between pelton turbine and kaplan. Loss of energy due to friction of the blades is less due to the small number of blades. Very simple kaplan turbine design grant ingram 30th january 2007 nomenclature b blade height g gravitational acceleration h head k loss coe. Kaplan turbine has a higher efficiency than francis turbine. Pdf optimal rotational speed of kaplan and francis turbines. If you have any query regarding this article, ask by commeting. Efficiency of francis turbine is less as compare to kaplan turbine. Mar 24, 2014 difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine type of turbine. The main differences between impulse and reaction turbines are, all hydraulic energy is converted into kinetic energy by a nozzle in the impulse turbine and whereas in reaction turbine only some amount of the available energy is converted into kinetic energy. Kaplan turbine disposition of shaft is only in vertical direction number of vanes france turbine has very large number of blades 16 to 24 kaplan turbine has very small number of.
The difference in the operating head can be extra simply controlled in francis turbine than in the pelton wheel turbine. Difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine with pdf. The renewable energy re landscape, regarded to be in an infant stage of. The turbine is capable of working under a medium range of potential head about. May 06, 2017 hi all in this video lecture i have discussed about the difference between francis turbine vs kaplan turbine from the unit turbine of fluid mechanics or fluid machineryhydraulics or hydraulics machinery. Like kaplan turbine, the francis is a reaction machine. An example of a reaction turbine is the kaplan turbine and francis turbine. Both serve almost the same purpose only names along with slight operating ways and their time of arrival is different. Following are the differences between pelton wheel, francis and kaplan turbine. Less friction losses as compare to francis turbine. Jan 23, 2018 francis turbine blades are designed in such a way that one portion of the blade design creates the pressure difference between the opposite faces of the blade when water flows through it, and the remaining portions blade design use the impulse force of water hitting it and this combined action of pressure difference and impulse force. In his design, he combined automatically adjusted propeller blades and automatically adjusted wicket gates to obtain efficiency over a wide range of water flow and water level. Hence, these are the parameter changes that has to be incorporated in converting a francis turbine to kaplan turbine.
Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia. Francis turbine working principle, main parts, diagram and. Our francis turbines, including the worlds largest and most powerful. This turbine is used for medium heads with medium discharge. An example of a reaction turbine is francis, kaplan turbine. Here reaction turbine consists of fixed blades that act as a moving blade and nozzle. The mechanical efficiency of the pelton wheel turbine decreases faster than the francis turbine. Francis turbine diagram, working, parts, advantages. The ratio of utmost and least operating head can even be two in the case of francis turbine. The two main types of reaction turbine are the propeller turbine with kaplan variant and the francis turbine. In both the cases hydraulic energy of water gets converted into useful power output. The head h is difference between headwater and tailwater.
The flow regulation in reaction turbine is carried out by means of a guidevane assembly. Pelton turbine was developed by lester allan pelton in the year 1870. Introduction to surface water hydrology hydrologic cycle. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1.
The pelton, francis and kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which. Hydraulic turbines difference between impulse and reaction hydraulic turbines. Difference between propeller turbine and kaplan turbine with reference to their runner blades. Francis turbine variation in the operating head can be more simply controlled. The turbine is always installed above the tailrace and there is no draft tube used. Hi all in this video lecture i have discussed about the difference between francis turbine vs kaplan turbine from the unit turbine of fluid mechanics or fluid machineryhydraulics or hydraulics machinery.
The reverse archimedes screw and the overshot waterwheel are both gravity turbines. Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. These are all major difference between francis and kaplan turbine. Turbine, any of various devices that convert the energy in a stream of fluid into mechanical energy. Hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Francis turbine converts energy at high pressure heads which are not easily available and. Pdf the rotational speed estimation of francis and kaplan turbines is of.
B francis an american engineer who in beginning designed inward. Apr 05, 2016 the flow regulation in reaction turbine is carried out by means of a guidevane assembly. Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2. Water turbines are the modern successors of simple waterwheels, which date back about 2,000 years. It consists of spiral casing, guide mechanism and draft tube of kaplan turbine runner are similar to those of francis turbine. This type of turbine consists of moving blades and nozzles. Francis francis francis francis francis kaplan kaplan kaplan. It is the vertical difference between headrace and tailrace. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Kaplan turbine is more compact in crosssection and has lower rotational speed to that of francis turbine. The rotation speed rpm is higher than that of the francis turbine. Verification of model calculations for the kaplan turbine.
The kaplan turbine this type of turbine evolved from the need to generate power from much lower pressure heads than are normally employed with the francis turbine. Introduction to francis turbine the francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine. The water at the inlet of the turbine possesses both kinetic energy as well as pressure energy for effective rotation the blades in a hydropower station. Kaplan turbines can operate under a wide range of head conditions. Difference between impulse and reaction turbine with pdf. In kaplan turbine, the number of blades in the runner is generally between 3 and 8. In kaplan turbine water enters axially and leaves axially, while in francis turbine water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Kaplan turbine disposition of shaft is only in vertical direction number of vanes france turbine has very large number of blades 16 to 24 kaplan turbine has very small number of blades 3 to 8 adjustment of runner vanes. Open channel flow specific energy and rapid transitions hydraulic jumps slowly varying flow open channel control structures 3.
Difference between kaplan and francis turbine compare. In 19, an austrian professor viktor kaplan who developed this turbine combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level. Francis turbine is mixed flow turbine since water enters radially but leaves turbine axially. Francis and kaplan turbines notes for civil engineering.
On the other hand francis and kaplan turbines are reacti. This operates in an entirely closed conduit to tailrace. Pdf in order to design a water turbine, the theory of the physical similarity of hydraulic machines is used in technical practice. The difference in the operating head can be extra simply controlled in francis turbine than.
With decades of continuous optimization based on the latest hydrodynamic research, well over half the turbines manufactured by voith hydro are of the francis type. Bonneville dam kaplan turbine kaplan turbine schematic. Note that this analysis is approximate and is useful for a. Kaplan turbine adjustable blades bulbtype bulge in pipe. Propeller turbine vs kaplan turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. If you like this article, dont forget to share it on social networks. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel chamil abeykoon1, tobi hantsch2. First, a theoretical design was performed for determining the main characteristics where it showed an efficiency of 94%. General differences between francis and kaplan turbines.